Respiratory: Lungs: Upper respiratory problems, lower respiratory infection,  congestion, hoarseness, bronchitis, cold symptoms, cough

Cardiovascular: May help lower high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease

Gastrointestinal: Stomach problems/digestion

Genitourinary: Kidney and bladder problems

Musculoskeletal: Rheumatic conditions (topical), inflammation, muscle and nerve pain

Neurologic: May help improve thinking and memory

Skin: Wound healing (pitch)

Glucose: May help control blood sugar

Immunity: May help build immunity

Other: Fever, vitamin C supplementation, may help decrease body weight

                                                      *   *   *

SIDE EFFECTS: Indigestion, dizziness, irritability, urinary retention, headache, sleepiness, sneezing, rash, anti-clotting properties

CAUTION/CONTRAINDICATIONS: Allergy to pine/pine nuts, interactions with blood thinners, blood clotting problems, autoimmune diseases

FORMS: Tea (steep needles for 20 minutes/drain), syrup, tincture, oils, extracts

Recommended Brands

No available recommendations at this time.

Dosage

As directed on the product label. Some clinical and consumer sources describe a wide range of herbal amounts, and many are not supported by strong evidence. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

Amounts used in studies vary widely depending on the formulation and purpose. These study amounts are not clinical recommendations and may not apply to consumer products.

Commonly reported amounts include:

• 50 mg to 480 mg of extract daily

Check with Epocrates online herbal site for more information ($)

*Disclaimer: The material above is for informational purposes only. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat or cure a condition. The uses listed above are tentative; some have or are undergoing research trials, but many are not FDA-approved. It is essential that you investigate these supplements further before deciding to use them. Check interactions and contraindications on sites like Drugs.com or WebMD. Do not attempt to treat a serious condition like liver, kidney problems, high blood pressure, heart, cancer, diabetes, or thyroid issues without discussing it with a healthcare provider first. If you are pregnant or nursing a baby, please do not use supplements without discussing it with your healthcare provider.