Respiratory: Bronchitis, asthma, bronchiectasis, emphysema and pneumonia, descreases cough (wet and dry cough), flu, expectorant and lubricates airway, chronic bronchitis, emphysema

Gastrointestinal: Dysentry, liver disorders, spleen, gallbladder, dysentery, parasites

Musculoskeletal: Gout, joint pain, arthritis, joint pain and swelling

Neurologic: Nerve pain (neuropathy)

Skin: Burns, calluses, skin infections, warts

Cancer: May have cancer-preventing properties

Other: Prevents intoxication from alcohol. Weight loss properties.

                                                          *   *   *

SIDE EFFECTS: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, upset stomach, rash/dermatitis (skin irritation), headache, dizziness

CAUTION/CONTRAINDICATIONS: Eating intact leaves may be mildly poisonous

FORMS: Extract, tea, cough syrup (Prospan)

Note: Often used as a component of some popular over-the-counter herbal remedies

DOSAGE: As directed

Reported doses - often NOT supported by evidence reported by various sources (WebMD, RxList, Epocrates, German Commission E, NIH publications and others). Read dosages and instructions carefully when available on the label.

• 300-800 mg by mouth daily or 150 - 400 mg 2 times daily

*Disclaimer: The material above is for informational purposes only. This information is not intended to diagnose or treat a condition. The uses listed above are tentative; some have or are undergoing research trials, but many are not FDA-approved. It is essential that you investigate these supplements further before deciding to use them. Check interactions and contraindications on sites like Drugs.com, German Commission e or WebMD. Do not attempt to treat a serious condition like liver, kidney problems, high blood pressure, heart, cancer, diabetes, or thyroid issues without discussing it with a healthcare provider first. If you are pregnant, do not use supplements without discussing it with your healthcare provider.