Respiratory: Coughs, (German Commission e) bronchial congestion/bronchitis, asthma, sore throat, tonsillitis, hoarseness, flu, emphysema

Cardiovascular: Phlebitis (vein inflammation sometimes due to a blood clot

Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, stomach ulcers

Musculoskeletal: Rheumatism, gout, swelling, inflammation

Skin: Insect bites, skin ulcers, burns

Cancer: Lung cancer (??))

Infectious Disease: TB

Other: Diaphoretic, diuretic

                                                     *   *   *

SIDE EFFECTS: Potential liver toxicity and liver cancer (likely if used should not be used long term), sun sensitivity. increased bruising and bleeding, lung damage.

CAUTION/CONTRAINDICATIONS: Liver disease. Caution is needed when taking certain drugs that affect the CYP450 3A4 enzyme system, i.e., Tegretol and Dilantin. It may also interfere with heart, blood pressure, and blood-thinning medications.

FORMS: Tea, dried (leaves)

DOSAGES: As directed

Reported doses - often NOT supported by evidence (reported by various sources (WebMD, RxList, Epocrates, German Commission E, NIH publications and others). Read dosages and instructions carefully when available on the label.

• Traditional dosages include 2 to 4 mL of liquid leaf extract or 0.6 to 2 mL of liquid flower extract

Note: Do not use for more than 4-6 weeks out of the year per German Commission E. Use only those labeled "hepatotoxic - free"

*Disclaimer: The material above is for informational purposes only. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure a condition. The uses listed above are tentative; some have or are undergoing research trials, but many are not FDA-approved. You must investigate these supplements further before deciding to use them. Check interactions and contraindications on sites like Drugs.com or WebMD. Do not attempt to treat a serious condition like liver, kidney problems, high blood pressure, heart, cancer, diabetes, or thyroid issues without discussing it with a healthcare provider first. If you are pregnant, do not use supplements without discussing it with your healthcare provider.