Respiratory: Asthma, lung congestion

Gastrointestinal: Constipation (tea from root), early studies indicate possible, help in hepatitis B 

Musculoskeletal: Muscle and joint pain

Skin: Scaly skin, itchy skin (external application), eczema, rashes, psoriasis, abscesses, boils, wounds, skin ulcers

Mental Health: Anxiety

Glucose: May help support blood sugar levels.

Other: Obesity - may aid in weight loss, hypothyroidism

                                                   *   *   *

SIDE EFFECTS: Paralysis (occasionally noted in very high doses), stomach upset, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting (not common), dermatitis/rash,

CONTRAINDICATIONS: None known as of this writing (2024)

FORMS: Tincture, extract, dried plant, tea

Recommended Brands

No recommended brands at this time.

Dosage

As directed on the product label.

Some clinical and consumer sources describe a wide range of herbal amounts, and many are not supported by strong evidence. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

For detailed drug dosing and interaction information, refer to Epocrates.

*Disclaimer: The material above is for informational purposes only. This information is not intended to diagnose or treat a condition. The uses listed above are tentative; some have or are undergoing research trials, but many are not FDA-approved. It is essential that you investigate these supplements further before deciding to use them. Check interactions and contraindications on sites like Drugs.com or WebMD. Do not attempt to treat a serious condition like liver, kidney problems, high blood pressure, heart, cancer, diabetes, or thyroid issues without discussing it with a healthcare provider first. If you are pregnant, do not use supplements without discussing it with your healthcare provider.