Eyes: conjunctivitis/pink eye (application to the outer eye)

Throat: May help decrease swelling in the throat

Gastrointestinal: Decrease swelling in the mouth, gingivitis, indigestion, ulcers, possibly hemorrhoids and anal fissures

Genitourinary: Menstrual cramps

Skin: Wound healing, rashes (German Commission E), inflammation, burns, eczema, skin ulcers, boils, insect bites

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SIDE EFFECTS: Localized itching, possibly sleepiness

CAUTION/CONTRAINDICATIONS: Certain plant allergies (including ragweed), sleeping medications, anxiety medications

FORMS: Creams, oils, tinctures, ointments, mouthwashes, infusions, ointments, teas

Recommended Brands

None available at this time.

Dosage

As directed on the product label.

Some clinical and consumer sources describe a wide range of herbal amounts, and many are not supported by strong evidence. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

The German Commission E has evaluated this herb and provides guidance on certain preparation types. However, their specific dosing instructions are proprietary and cannot be reproduced here. Consumers should follow the directions provided on commercially available products.

For detailed drug dosing and interaction information, refer to Epocrates.

Traditional Use (General Information Only)

This herb has been used traditionally in various liquid preparations, including extracts and tinctures. Traditional practices describe these forms as common ways the herb has been prepared historically, though modern products may vary widely in strength and formulation.

These reflect traditional and consumer uses, not evidence‑based medical treatments. Product formulations vary, so it is important to follow the manufacturer’s directions.

*Disclaimer: The material above is for informational purposes only. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat or cure a condition. The uses listed above are tentative; some have or are undergoing research trials, but many are not FDA-approved. It is essential that you investigate these supplements further before deciding to use them. Check interactions and contraindications on sites like Drugs.com or WebMD. Do not attempt to treat a serious condition like liver, kidney problems, high blood pressure, heart, cancer, diabetes, or thyroid issues without discussing it with a healthcare provider first. If you are pregnant, do not use supplements without discussing it with your healthcare provider.