Gastrointestinal: Oral inflammation (topical) or mouthwash (swish/spit)

Musculoskeletal: bruises, sprains, muscle aches, superficial phlebitis, osteoarthritis, joint pain, low back pain, local inflammation

Skin: Wound healing, boils, bites and stings. Inflammation

Immunity: May boost local immunity - may enhance healing

Other: Hair loss

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SIDE EFFECTS: Rash

CAUTIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS: When taken internally, it can cause arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat), tremors, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, oral irritation, organ failure, dyspnea, coma, and death. It needs to be taken in minimal amounts under the supervision of a homeopath. The FDA classifies it as "unsafe" orally or when put directly on an open wound. It is best used only topically. It may interact with blood-clotting agents.

FORMS: Extracts, gels, and creams, salves, powders, whole herbs, ointments, mouthwash not used internally

Recommended Brands

Not available at this time.

Dosage

Follow the directions on the product label.

Some clinical and consumer sources describe a wide range of herbal amounts, and many are not supported by strong evidence. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

For detailed drug dosing and interaction information, refer to Epocrates.

Traditional Use (General Information Only)

This herb has been used in traditional practices in both oral and topical forms. Examples of common, non‑dosing descriptions include:

• Oral preparations such as capsules or tablets, used according to product labeling

• Topical preparations applied to intact skin for general soothing or comfort

These reflect traditional and consumer uses, not evidence‑based medical treatments. Product formulations vary widely, so it is important to follow the manufacturer’s directions.

*Disclaimer: The material above is for informational purposes only. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat or cure a condition. The uses listed above are tentative; some have or are undergoing research trials, but many are not FDA-approved. It is essential that you investigate these supplements further before deciding to use them. Check interactions and contraindications on sites like Drugs.com or WebMD. Do not attempt to treat a serious condition like liver, kidney problems, high blood pressure, heart, cancer, diabetes, or thyroid issues without discussing it with a healthcare provider first. If you are pregnant, do not use supplements without discussing it with your healthcare provider.